| Term |
Definition |
|
| Packer |
See Compression ring. |
| Parapet |
Wall or rampart, breast high. Also, the wall on top of an abutment extending from the bridge seat to the underside of the bridge floor and designed to hold the backfill. |
| Pascal's Law |
Pressure exerted at any point upon a confined liquid is transmitted undiminished in all directions. |
| Pavement, Invert |
Lower segment of a corrugated metal pipe provided with a smooth bituminous material that completely fills the corrugations, intended to give resistance to scour, erosion, and to improve flow. |
| PE |
Polyethylene; a form of thermoplastic pipe. |
| Percent (%) |
A dimensionless number with the ratio of one (1) to one hundred (100). In the construction industry, it is mostly used to give the rise of fall of a pipe line, or road, in feet per 100 feet (i.e., a one (1) foot rise in one hundred (100) feet would b |
| Perched water table |
In hydrology, the upper surface of a body of free ground water in a zone of saturation, separated by unsaturated material from an underlying body of ground water in a differing zone of saturation. |
| Periphery |
Circumference or perimeter of a circle, ellipse, pipe-arch, or other closed curvilinear figure. |
| Permeability |
Penetrability. |
| PFA |
Pulverized Fuel Ash; a fine powder residue after burning carbon based products. Especially from electricity generating stations. |
| pH |
A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. A value of seven is neutral; low numbers. |
| Physical pipe inspection |
The crawling or walking through manually accessible pipe lines. The logs for physical pipe inspection record information of the kind detailed under TELEVISION INSPECTION. Manual inspection is only undertaken when field conditions permit this to be do |
| Piercing tool |
An impact type of compacting device for boring. |
| Pile, Bearing |
A member driven or jetted into the ground and deriving its support from the underlying strata and/or by the friction of the ground on its surface. |
| Piling |
Rigid supports, driven vertically to provide wall support in the pit. |
| Pilot bore |
The action of creating the first (usually steerable) pass of any boring process which later requires back-reaming or similar enlarging. Most commonly applied to Guided Boring, Directional Drilling and 2-pass microtunneling systems. |
| Pilot Tube Method |
A multi-stage method of accurately installing a product pipe by use of a guided pilot tube and followed by upsizing to install the product pipe. |
| Pins |
See shank. |
| Pipe |
A long tube of clay, concrete, steel, metal, wood, etc., for conveying water, gas, oil or other materials. |
| Pipe bursting |
A replacement method. A technique for breaking the existing pipe by brittle fracture, using force from within, applied mechanically, the remains being forced into the surrounding ground. At the same time a new pipe, of the same or larger diameter, is |
| Pipe displacement |
Term used in North America. See Pipe Bursting. |
| Pipe drilling cracking |
See pipe bursting. |
| Pipe eating |
A replacement technique, usually based on microtunneling, in which a defective pipe is excavated together with the surrounding soil as for a new installation. The microtunneling shield machine will usually need some crushing capability to perform eff |
| Pipe jacking |
A system of directly installing pipes behind a shield machine by hydraulic jacking from a drive shaft such that the pipes form a continuous string in the ground. |
| Pipe joint sealing |
A method of sealing leaking or defective pipe joints which permit infiltration of groundwater into sewers by means of injecting chemical grout into and/or through the joints from within the pipe. |
| Pipe lubricant |
See Lubrication |
| Pipe pulling |
Method of replacing small diameter pipes where a new product pipe is attached to the existing pipe which is then pulled out of the ground. |
| Pipe pusher |
A machine that pushes or pulls a rod or pipe to produce a bore by means of compaction without rotation or impact. |
| Pipe ramming |
A non-steerable system of forming a bore by driving an open-ended steel casing using a percussive hammer from a Drive Pit. The soil may be removed from the casing by augering, jetting, or compressed air. |
| Pipe segment |
A specific portion of the sewer system piping; usually runs between two structure (e.g., manhole, trap tanks, sumps); identified with unique sewer structure ID number. |
| Pipe splitting |
Replacement method for breaking an existing pipe by longitudinal slitting. At the same time a new pipe of the same or larger diameter may be drawn in behind the splitting tool. See also Pipe Bursting. |
| Pipeline (also pipe) |
Portions of the sewer system that are constructed of piping as opposed to manholes and other structures (e.g., trap tank, sumps, etc.). |
| Pipeline reconstruction |
The Insitu repair of an existing pipeline that has suffered loss of pressure integrity or has been structurally damaged. The liner becomes the principal pressure containment or structural element of the Insitu composite pipe structure. |
| Pipeline rehabilitation |
The insitu repair of an existing pipeline, which has become corroded or abraded, by insert renewal of a liner which rehabilitates the bore of the pipeline but does not contribute significantly to increased pressure capability or increased structural |
| Pipeline system |
Interconnecting pipe network for the conveyance of fluids. |
| Pitting |
Highly localized corrosion resulting in deep penetration at only a few spots. |
| Pitting Factor |
The depth of the deepest pit divided by the "average penetration" as calculated from weight loss. |
| Planner |
Individual who defines and schedules maintenance (including inspection) activities and provide coordination between operations and work groups. |
| Planting piping |
Installation procedure that digs a trench and lays the pipe in one step. |
| Plastic |
Any of a variety of thermoplastic and thermoset material used in sewer construction (e.g., high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, fiberglass reinforced plastics, polyester felt reinforced pipe, epoxy and polyester mortars, etc). |
| Plasticizer |
An admixture to cement to make a mix more fluid without the addition of more water. |
| Plate |
A flat-rolled iron or steel product. |
| Plough-in piping |
Installation procedure that splits the earth and pulls the pipe into position. |
| Point source repair |
See localized repair. |
| Pointing |
Method of repairing a brick sewer or manhole by the application of cement mortar where loss has occurred. |
| Polyester |
Resin formed by condensation of polybasic and monobasic acids with polyhydric alcohols. |
| Polyethylene |
A ductile, durable, virtually inert thermoplastic composed by polymers of ethylene. It is normally a translucent, tough solid. In pipe grade resins, ethylene-hexene copolymers are usually specified with carbon black pigment for Weatherability. |
| Polyolefin |
A family of plastic material used to make pipes. |
| Polypropylene |
A type of plastic pipe from the polyolefin family. (abbrev. PP) |
| Ponding |
Jetting or the use of water to hasten the settlement of an embankment - requires the judgment of a soils engineer. In hydraulics, pending refers to water backed up in a channel or ditch as the result of a culvert of inadequate capacity or design to p |
| Potholing |
Digging of a hole to locate a utility. |
| Power package |
The engine and drive section of a split boring machine or the remote engine and hydraulic pumps of a power unit. |
| Power requirements |
Manufacturer’s recommend maximum flow and pressure. |
| PPI (Plastic Pipe Institute) |
A division of The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. |
| PRC |
Polyester Resin Concrete. |
| Precipitation |
Process by which water in liquid or solid state (rain, sleet, snow) is discharged out of the atmosphere upon a land or water surface. |
| Preconditioning work |
That part of a project, usually before renovation work, which includes Preparatory Cleaning and Internal Inspection. |
| Preparatory cleaning |
Internal cleaning of pipelines, particularly sewers, prior to inspection, usually with water jetting and removal of material where appropriate. |
| Pressure |
Changes the drilling fluid pressure. |
| Pressure rating |
Estimated maximum internal pressure that allows a high degree of certainty that failure of the pipe will not occur. |
| Pressurized |
To pump or force a liquid at a higher rate than that achievable under normal open channel or free surface conditions. |
| Preventative |
Routine maintenance designed to prevent sewer system maintenance problems. |
| Primary pipe |
The basic conduit when used in conjunction with a "protective liner"; when inspected and evaluated it is the basic or primary pipe which must meet the fit-for-use criteria. When a sewer section is upgraded with a structural, monolithic liner, the lin |
| Primary properties |
The properties used to classify polyethylene materials. |
| Prioritization |
To list in descending order of urgency/action |
| Priority classification (priority rating) |
A rating system based on the characteristics of the wastewater conveyed in any sewer structure; sewers carrying hazardous waster have higher priorities ( lower numbers); sewers with special process or location risks carry higher priorities. |
| Privatize |
To take out of public operation or ownership; to instigate private sector participation in the financing and/or operation and/or maintenance and/or ownership of public assets, such as treatment plants and collection systems, for example. |
| Proactive |
To adopt a positive role towards ensuring effective solutions. To anticipate and control events; the opposite of reactive. Probing by auger or coring tool, usually vertically, at the site to determine soil conditions. |
| Product Pipe |
Permanent pipeline for opertational use. Pipe for conveyance for water, gas, sewage, and other products. |
| Profile |
Anchor pattern on a surface produce by abrasive, blasting or acid treatment. |
| Project |
The entire construction to be performed as provided in the contract documents. |
| Protruding |
To be projecting outward. |
| PSI |
Pounds per Square Inch. US customary unit for pressure. One PSI equals 6.896 Kilonewtons per square meter. |
| Pull back |
That part of a guided boring or directional drilling operation in which the drill string is pulled back through the bore to the entry pit or surface rig, usually installing the product pipe at the same time. |
| Pull back force |
The tensile load applied to a drill string during the pull back process. Guided boring and directional drilling rigs are generally rated by their maximum pull-back force. |
| Pull-in piping |
Also referred to as insert renewal; installation procedure whereby pipe is pulled inside old mains and service lines to provide the new main or service line. |
| Pump, sewage ejector |
See Sewage ejector pump |
| Pump, sewage grinder |
See Sewage grinder pump |
| Push bar |
See thrust block. |
| Push block |
See thrust block. |
| Push package |
See thrust package. |
| PVC |
Polyvinyl Chloride; a form of thermoplastic Pipe. |
